Callahan BJ, McMurdie PJ, Rosen MJ, Han AW, Johnson AJA, Holmes SP. PMID 16477562. A 12-wk study reported that 15 g pea fiber/d reduced fecal cholic and deoxycholic acid concentrations by 25% and 48%, respectively (52). Sohn YB, Ko JM, Shin CH, et al. Abbreviations used: BCFAs, branched-chain fatty acids; BMI, body mass index; CRP, c-reactive protein; FDR, false discovery rate; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model of insulin resistance; IL-6, interleukin 6; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; PATH, Persea americana for Total Health; PERMANOVA, permutational multivariate analysis of variance; QIIME2, Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology version 2; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha . Values are as means ± SEMs or counts and percentages. Additionally, concentrations of cholic acid (P = 0.01) were greater and chenodeoxycholic acid tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in the control group (Figure 3; Supplemental Table 1), whereas concentrations of a variety of SFAs and MUFAs were greater in the avocado group (Figure 4; Supplemental Table 2). Norouzi-Beirami MH, Marashi SA, Banaei-Moghaddam AM, Kavousi K. Ridlon JM, Harris SC, Bhowmik S, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB. Byrne CS, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Frost G. Seganfredo FB, Blume CA, Moehlecke M, Giongo A, Casagrande DS, Spolidoro JVN, Padoin AV, Schaan BD, Mottin CC. As intended, participants in the avocado group reported greater intake of MUFAs, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and pectin. Avocado consumption resulted in differences in fecal bacteria and microbial metabolite concentrations, changes that were more pronounced among participants with high treatment compliance (i.e., among per-protocol participants). Compared with the control meals, the avocado meals were designed to contain 10% less energy/d from SFAs, 14% in additional energy from MUFAs, and 12 g of additional dietary fiber. Additionally, hypocaloric diets have been shown to alter the gut microbiota (76) and thus it is difficult to separate the differences that may be due to caloric restriction from the addition of avocado in that study. J. Hum. Faecalibacterium is a bile-sensitive genus (53) that, via the action of butyl-CoA, can convert 2 acetate molecules to butyrate and is found in lower abundance among those with obesity (54) and metabolic dysfunction (55). Onset most often occurs in childhood, but the disease can also develop in adults in their late 30s and early 40s. Avocado intake has been connected to a variety of beneficial health outcomes, including improved lipid profiles and reduced adiposity (15–21); however, to our knowledge, only 1 preclinical trial and 1 human trial to date have reported fecal microbiota findings with avocado consumption. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. Higher acetate concentrations have also been observed with greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet rich in fiber and MUFAs, nutrients found in high quantities within avocados (64, 65). Faith Phylogenetic Diversity, a measure of microbiota α-diversity, was greater among the avocado group (P = 0.02) (Figure 2). Kelsay JL, Goering HK, Behall KM, Prather ES. Of the 178 eligible participants, 163 were randomly assigned and 157 provided baseline fecal samples that were included in the intent-to-treat fecal microbiota and metabolite analyses. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. The bile acid pool composition can be influenced by diet–microbiota interactions and subsequently alter gut health and immunity, making diet-induced modifications in bile acid profiles a potential strategy for improving the health of individuals with overweight and obesity. Holscher HD, Guetterman HM, Swanson KS, An R, Matthan NR, Lichtenstein AH, Novotny JA, Baer DJ. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02740439. Meal compilation occurred in a metabolic kitchen, and each ingredient was weighed to the nearest gram. These findings provide valuable insight regarding the impact of avocado intake on the intestinal microbiota and have important implications for dietary interventions conducted among the growing at-risk population of adults with overweight or obesity. Scientific Report of the 2015 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee: Scientific Report to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Agriculture February 2015 [cited 2015 April 10]. However, the impact of avocado consumption on gut bacteria and metabolites in the absence of caloric restriction is unknown. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant and values between 0.05 and 0.10 were considered trends. 2014;133:997-1009. However, the intervention diet fat content was predominantly composed of PUFAs (11–24%), with only 5–9% of energy derived from MUFAs, indicating that dietary fat composition, rather than fat quantity, may be responsible for these findings. 2011;26(6):1530-1536. Additional research is required to understand the metabolic role of SCFAs within the context of overweight and obesity. Avocados are rich in fiber, including soluble hemicelluloses and pectins that can be metabolized by intestinal microorganisms to produce SCFAs (13). In the avocado group who met per-protocol criteria, we observed greater α-diversity; enrichment of Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, and Alistipes relative abundances; and an 18% between-group increase in fecal acetate concentrations. Source: National Center for Health Statistics. On StuDocu you find all the lecture notes, summaries and study guides for this course Participants received 175 g (men) or 140 g (women) of fresh Hass avocado daily as part of a meal or an isocaloric control meal once per day for 12 wk. López Ledesma R, Frati Munari AC, Hernández Domínguez BC, Cervantes Montalvo S, Hernández Luna MH, Juárez C, Morán Lira S. Paturi G, Butts CA, Bentley-Hewitt KL. BCFA, branched-chain fatty acid; DM, dry matter. 2003;26(12):3237-3242. Insoluble fiber also reduces total fecal bile acid concentrations through an increase in fecal weight (47). Ridlon JM, Kang DJ, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS. Body weight, BMI, and visceral adiposity were reduced in both the control and avocado groups who undertook hypocaloric meal plans with or without 1 Hass avocado/d. INTRODUCTION. Indeed, fatty acid excretion was enhanced in a subset of participants in the avocado group, while cholic, chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acid concentrations were reduced. glass column with 10% SP-1200/1% HVFA H3PO4 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb WAW; Hewlett-Packard 5890A Series II gas chromatograph; Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) and normalized on a dry matter basis (μmol/g) (32, 33). Participants were instructed by a trained research staff member to record all food and beverages consumed over a 7-d period at baseline and prior to post-testing at week 12. Nilsen RM, Vollset SE, Gjessing HK, et al. The increase in α-diversity with the avocado treatment among per-protocol participants likely indicates that more frequent avocado consumption may be necessary to elicit a measurable effect on microbiota diversity. These metabolites are produced through microbial metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins that are mostly obtained from the diet (6). Insulated meal coolers, ice packs, and information about food safety procedures were provided. As intended, participants in the avocado group reported MUFA consumption that was ∼20 g greater than the control group and 14 g of additional dietary fiber. Nutrient and food-group compositions of the control and avocado meals that were provided to adult participants daily for 12 wk. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Despite reporting higher total fat intake, the per-protocol avocado group had diminished fecal bile acid concentrations, including 91% and 57% lower cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations, respectively, and numerically lower concentrations of the secondary bile acids deoxycholic (23%) and lithocholic (14%) acid. JLK was supported by a Division of Nutrition Sciences Excellence Fellowship. Do you study at Southern New Hampshire University? Dr. T. Colin Campbell of Cornell University co-directed one of the most comprehensive nutrition studies ever undertaken, the China Project. University represents a key transition into adulthood for many adolescents but there are associated concerns about health and behaviours. 2007;8(1):11-14. Aguirre M, Jonkers DMAE, Troost FJ, Roeselers G, Venema K. Fernandes J, Su W, Rahat-Rozenbloom S, Wolever TMS, Comelli EM. Data were analyzed by univariate ANOVA and are presented as means ± SEMs of the mean (n = 44, control; n = 46, avocado). We aimed to evaluate the impact of avocado consumption on the gastrointestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites, secondary outcomes of the Persea americana for Total Health (PATH) study, and conduct exploratory analyses to assess relations between the fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and health markers. Enhancing the oxidative stability of algal oil emulsions by adding sweet orange oil: Effect of essential oil concentration. Variables were evaluated for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. are available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/jn/. De Filippis F, Pellegrini N, Vannini L, Jeffery IB, La Storia A, Laghi L, I Serrazanetti D, Di Cagno R, Ferrocino I, Lazzi C et al. Search for other works by this author on: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014, Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in US youth and adults by sex and age, 2007–2008 to 2015–2016, Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity, An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest, Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss, From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites, Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity, Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects, Antibacterial free 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